SwerveDrive4Kinematics

class wpimath.kinematics.SwerveDrive4Kinematics(arg0: wpimath.geometry._geometry.Translation2d, arg1: wpimath.geometry._geometry.Translation2d, arg2: wpimath.geometry._geometry.Translation2d, arg3: wpimath.geometry._geometry.Translation2d)

Bases: pybind11_object

Helper class that converts a chassis velocity (dx, dy, and dtheta components) into individual module states (speed and angle).

The inverse kinematics (converting from a desired chassis velocity to individual module states) uses the relative locations of the modules with respect to the center of rotation. The center of rotation for inverse kinematics is also variable. This means that you can set your set your center of rotation in a corner of the robot to perform special evasion maneuvers.

Forward kinematics (converting an array of module states into the overall chassis motion) is performs the exact opposite of what inverse kinematics does. Since this is an overdetermined system (more equations than variables), we use a least-squares approximation.

The inverse kinematics: [moduleStates] = [moduleLocations] * [chassisSpeeds] We take the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse of [moduleLocations] and then multiply by [moduleStates] to get our chassis speeds.

Forward kinematics is also used for odometry – determining the position of the robot on the field using encoders and a gyro.

static desaturateWheelSpeeds(*args, **kwargs)

Overloaded function.

  1. desaturateWheelSpeeds(moduleStates: Tuple[wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.SwerveModuleState, wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.SwerveModuleState, wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.SwerveModuleState, wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.SwerveModuleState], attainableMaxSpeed: meters_per_second) -> Tuple[wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.SwerveModuleState, wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.SwerveModuleState, wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.SwerveModuleState, wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.SwerveModuleState]

Renormalizes the wheel speeds if any individual speed is above the specified maximum.

Sometimes, after inverse kinematics, the requested speed from one or more modules may be above the max attainable speed for the driving motor on that module. To fix this issue, one can reduce all the wheel speeds to make sure that all requested module speeds are at-or-below the absolute threshold, while maintaining the ratio of speeds between modules.

Parameters:
  • moduleStates – Reference to array of module states. The array will be mutated with the normalized speeds!

  • attainableMaxSpeed – The absolute max speed that a module can reach.

  1. desaturateWheelSpeeds(moduleStates: Tuple[wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.SwerveModuleState, wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.SwerveModuleState, wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.SwerveModuleState, wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.SwerveModuleState], currentChassisSpeed: wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.ChassisSpeeds, attainableMaxModuleSpeed: meters_per_second, attainableMaxRobotTranslationSpeed: meters_per_second, attainableMaxRobotRotationSpeed: radians_per_second) -> None

Renormalizes the wheel speeds if any individual speed is above the specified maximum, as well as getting rid of joystick saturation at edges of joystick.

Sometimes, after inverse kinematics, the requested speed from one or more modules may be above the max attainable speed for the driving motor on that module. To fix this issue, one can reduce all the wheel speeds to make sure that all requested module speeds are at-or-below the absolute threshold, while maintaining the ratio of speeds between modules.

Parameters:
  • moduleStates – Reference to array of module states. The array will be mutated with the normalized speeds!

  • currentChassisSpeed – Current speed of the robot

  • attainableMaxModuleSpeed – The absolute max speed a module can reach

  • attainableMaxRobotTranslationSpeed – The absolute max speed the robot can reach while translating

  • attainableMaxRobotRotationSpeed – The absolute max speed the robot can reach while rotating

toChassisSpeeds(arg0: wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.SwerveModuleState, arg1: wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.SwerveModuleState, arg2: wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.SwerveModuleState, arg3: wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.SwerveModuleState) wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.ChassisSpeeds

Performs forward kinematics to return the resulting chassis state from the given module states. This method is often used for odometry – determining the robot’s position on the field using data from the real-world speed and angle of each module on the robot.

Parameters:

wheelStates – The state of the modules (as a SwerveModuleState type) as measured from respective encoders and gyros. The order of the swerve module states should be same as passed into the constructor of this class.

Returns:

The resulting chassis speed.

toSwerveModuleStates(chassisSpeeds: wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.ChassisSpeeds, centerOfRotation: wpimath.geometry._geometry.Translation2d = Translation2d(x=0.000000, y=0.000000)) Tuple[wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.SwerveModuleState, wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.SwerveModuleState, wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.SwerveModuleState, wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.SwerveModuleState]

Performs inverse kinematics to return the module states from a desired chassis velocity. This method is often used to convert joystick values into module speeds and angles.

This function also supports variable centers of rotation. During normal operations, the center of rotation is usually the same as the physical center of the robot; therefore, the argument is defaulted to that use case. However, if you wish to change the center of rotation for evasive maneuvers, vision alignment, or for any other use case, you can do so.

Parameters:
  • chassisSpeeds – The desired chassis speed.

  • centerOfRotation – The center of rotation. For example, if you set the center of rotation at one corner of the robot and provide a chassis speed that only has a dtheta component, the robot will rotate around that corner.

Returns:

An array containing the module states. Use caution because these module states are not normalized. Sometimes, a user input may cause one of the module speeds to go above the attainable max velocity. Use the desaturateWheelSpeeds() function to rectify this issue. In addition, you can use Python unpacking syntax to directly assign the module states to variables:

fl, fr, bl, br = kinematics.toSwerveModuleStates(chassisSpeeds)

toTwist2d(arg0: wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.SwerveModulePosition, arg1: wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.SwerveModulePosition, arg2: wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.SwerveModulePosition, arg3: wpimath.kinematics._kinematics.SwerveModulePosition) wpimath.geometry._geometry.Twist2d

Performs forward kinematics to return the resulting Twist2d from the given module position deltas. This method is often used for odometry – determining the robot’s position on the field using data from the real-world position delta and angle of each module on the robot.

Parameters:

wheelDeltas – The latest change in position of the modules (as a SwerveModulePosition type) as measured from respective encoders and gyros. The order of the swerve module states should be same as passed into the constructor of this class.

Returns:

The resulting Twist2d.